⚡ Smart Meter Data Analytics
🔧 Power System Operation
📊 Electricity Market Design
Smart Meter Data Analytics
Enhancing Long-Sequence Photovoltaic Power Forecasting Accuracy through Multi-Modal Learning: Integrating Satellite Cloud Images and Time-Frequency Domain Fusion
Advanced Engineering Informatics, vol. 74, 2026.
@article{tian2026enhancing,
title={Enhancing long-sequence photovoltaic power forecasting accuracy through multi-modal learning: Integrating satellite cloud images and time--frequency domain fusion},
author={Tian, Zhirui and Wu, Chenye},
journal={Advanced Engineering Informatics},
volume={74},
pages={104622},
year={2026},
publisher={Elsevier}
}
User-Perceptional Privacy Protection in NILM: A Differential Privacy Approach
Applied Energy, vol. 382, 2025.
@article{zhang2025user,
title={User-perceptional privacy protection in NILM: A differential privacy approach},
author={Zhang, Jiahao and Lu, Chenbei and Yi, Hongyu and Wu, Chenye},
journal={Applied Energy},
volume={382},
pages={125233},
year={2025},
publisher={Elsevier}
}
EDformer Family: End-To-End Multi-Task Load Forecasting Frameworks for Day-Ahead Economic Dispatch
Applied Energy, vol. 383, 2025.
@article{tian2025edformer,
title={EDformer family: End-to-end multi-task load forecasting frameworks for day-ahead economic dispatch},
author={Tian, Zhirui and Liu, Weican and Zhang, Jiahao and Sun, Wenpu and Wu, Chenye},
journal={Applied Energy},
volume={383},
pages={125319},
year={2025},
publisher={Elsevier}
}
Mlp-Carbon: A New Paradigm Integrating Multi-Frequency and Multi-Scale Techniques for Accurate Carbon Price Forecasting
Applied Energy, vol. 383, 2025.
@article{tian2025mlp,
title={MLP-Carbon: A new paradigm integrating multi-frequency and multi-scale techniques for accurate carbon price forecasting},
author={Tian, Zhirui and Sun, Wenpu and Wu, Chenye},
journal={Applied Energy},
volume={383},
pages={125330},
year={2025},
publisher={Pergamon}
}
From LMP to eLMP: An Accurate Transfer Strategy for Electricity Price Prediction Based on Learning Ensemble
Energy, vol. 325, 2025.
@article{tian2025lmp,
title={From LMP to eLMP: An accurate transfer strategy for electricity price prediction based on learning ensemble},
author={Tian, Zhirui and Liu, Weican and Sun, Wenpu and Wu, Chenye},
journal={Energy},
volume={325},
pages={135926},
year={2025},
publisher={Pergamon}
}
Computationally Efficient Data Synthesis for Ac-Opf: Integrating Physics-Informed Neural Network Solvers and Active Learning
Applied Energy, vol. 378, 2025.
@article{zhang2025computationally,
title={Computationally efficient data synthesis for AC-OPF: Integrating Physics-Informed Neural Network solvers and active learning},
author={Zhang, Jiahao and Peng, Ruo and Lu, Chenbei and Wu, Chenye},
journal={Applied Energy},
volume={378},
pages={124714},
year={2025},
publisher={Elsevier}
}
Cnns-Transformer Based Day-Ahead Probabilistic Load Forecasting for Weekends with Limited Data Availability
Energy, vol. 293, 2024.
@article{tian2024cnns,
title={CNNs-Transformer based day-ahead probabilistic load forecasting for weekends with limited data availability},
author={Tian, Zhirui and Liu, Weican and Jiang, Wenqian and Wu, Chenye},
journal={Energy},
volume={293},
pages={130666},
year={2024},
publisher={Pergamon}
}
Privacy Preserving User Energy Consumption Profiling: From Theory to Application
IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 2332–2347, 2023.
@article{lu2023privacy,
title={Privacy preserving user energy consumption profiling: From theory to application},
author={Lu, Chenbei and Cui, Jingshi and Wang, Haoxiang and Yi, Hongyu and Wu, Chenye},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid},
volume={15},
number={2},
pages={2332--2347},
year={2023},
publisher={IEEE}
}
Federated Shift-Invariant Dictionary Learning Enabled Distributed User Profiling
IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, vol. 39, no. 2, pp. 4164–4178, 2023.
@article{huang2023federated,
title={Federated shift-invariant dictionary learning enabled distributed user profiling},
author={Huang, Qiushi and Jiang, Wenqian and Shi, Jian and Wu, Chenye and Wang, Dan and Han, Zhu},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Power Systems},
volume={39},
number={2},
pages={4164--4178},
year={2023},
publisher={IEEE}
}
Sample-Oriented Electricity Storage Sharing Mechanism Design with Performance Guarantees
IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 2030–2043, 2023.
@article{jiang2023sample,
title={Sample-oriented electricity storage sharing mechanism design with performance guarantees},
author={Jiang, Wenqian and Huang, Jiaqi and Xu, Gaoyuan and Wu, Chenye},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid},
volume={15},
number={2},
pages={2030--2043},
year={2023},
publisher={IEEE}
}
DPWGAN: High-Quality Load Profiles Synthesis with Differential Privacy Guarantees
IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 3283–3295, 2022.
@article{huang2022dpwgan,
title={DPWGAN: High-quality load profiles synthesis with differential privacy guarantees},
author={Huang, Jiaqi and Huang, Qiushi and Mou, Gaoyang and Wu, Chenye},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid},
volume={14},
number={4},
pages={3283--3295},
year={2022},
publisher={IEEE}
}
Privacy Preservation for Time Series Data in the Electricity Sector
IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 3136–3149, 2022.
@article{wang2022privacy,
title={Privacy preservation for time series data in the electricity sector},
author={Wang, Haoxiang and Wu, Chenye},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid},
volume={14},
number={4},
pages={3136--3149},
year={2022},
publisher={IEEE}
}
Robust Scheduling of Thermostatically Controlled Loads with Statistically Feasible Guarantees
IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, vol. 14, no. 5, pp. 3561–3572, 2023.
@article{jiang2023robust,
title={Robust scheduling of thermostatically controlled loads with statistically feasible guarantees},
author={Jiang, Wenqian and Lu, Chenbei and Wu, Chenye},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid},
volume={14},
number={5},
pages={3561--3572},
year={2023},
publisher={IEEE}
}
Privacy Preserving in Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring: A Differential Privacy Perspective
IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 2529–2543, 2020.
@article{wang2020privacy,
title={Privacy preserving in non-intrusive load monitoring: A differential privacy perspective},
author={Wang, Haoxiang and Zhang, Jiasheng and Lu, Chenbei and Wu, Chenye},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid},
volume={12},
number={3},
pages={2529--2543},
year={2020},
publisher={IEEE}
}
A Data-Driven Storage Control Framework for Dynamic Pricing
IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 737–750, 2020.
@article{wu2020data,
title={A data-driven storage control framework for dynamic pricing},
author={Wu, Jiaman and Wang, Zhiqi and Wu, Chenye and Wang, Kui and Yu, Yang},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid},
volume={12},
number={1},
pages={737--750},
year={2020},
publisher={IEEE}
}
Effective End-To-End Learning Framework for Economic Dispatch
IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 2673–2683, 2022.
@article{lu2022effective,
title={Effective end-to-end learning framework for economic dispatch},
author={Lu, Chenbei and Jiang, Wenqian and Wu, Chenye},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering},
volume={9},
number={4},
pages={2673--2683},
year={2022},
publisher={IEEE}
}
Power System Operation
Dynamic Reserve Sizing with Statistically Feasible Guarantees: An Uncertainty-Adaptive Robust Optimization Framework
IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 2026.
@article{ling2026dynamic,
title={Dynamic Reserve Sizing with Statistically Feasible Guarantees: An Uncertainty-Adaptive Robust Optimization Framework},
author={Ling, Chen and Wu, Chenye},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Power Systems},
year={2026},
publisher={IEEE}
}
Purchase Strategy and Pricing Mechanism Design for Risk-Limiting Balancing Market
Energy, 2026.
@article{cui2026purchase,
title={Purchase strategy and pricing mechanism design for risk-limiting balancing market},
author={Cui, Jingshi and Gu, Nan and Wu, Chenye and Chen, Minghua},
journal={Energy},
pages={141045},
year={2026},
publisher={Pergamon}
}
Fortifying Renewable-Dominant Hybrid Microgrids: A Bi-Directional Converter Based Interconnection Planning Approach
Engineering, 2025.
@article{liang2025fortifying,
title={Fortifying renewable-dominant hybrid microgrids: A bi-directional converter based interconnection planning approach},
author={Liang, Zipeng and Chung, Chi Yung and Wang, Qin and Chen, Haoyong and Yang, Haosen and Wu, Chenye},
journal={Engineering},
year={2025},
publisher={Elsevier}
}
Sample-Aware Up-To Congestion Bidding with Market Risk and Credit Exposure Guarantees
IEEE Transactions on Energy Markets, Policy and Regulation, 2025.
@article{han2025sample,
title={Sample-Aware Up-to Congestion Bidding with Market Risk and Credit Exposure Guarantees},
author={Han, Jiajun and Lu, Chenbei and Wu, Chenye},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Energy Markets, Policy and Regulation},
year={2025},
publisher={IEEE}
}
On the Optimal Deterministic Policy Learning in Chance-Constrained Markov Decision Processes
IEEE Control Systems Letters, 2025.
@article{yi2025optimal,
title={On the Optimal Deterministic Policy Learning in Chance-Constrained Markov Decision Processes},
author={Yi, Hongyu and Lu, Chenbei and Wu, Chenye},
journal={IEEE Control Systems Letters},
year={2025},
publisher={IEEE}
}
Reinforcement Learning with Imperfect Transition Predictions: A Bellman-Jensen Approach
Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS Spotlight 🏆), 2025.
@inproceedings{lu2025reinforcement,
title={Reinforcement Learning with Imperfect Transition Predictions: A Bellman-Jensen Approach},
author={Lu, Chenbei and Chen, Zaiwei and Li, Tongxin and Wu, Chenye and Wierman, Adam},
booktitle={Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS Spotlight 🏆)},
year={2025}
}
Cost-Effective Closed-Loop Bilevel Robust Optimization for Joint Chance-Constrained Economic Dispatch
Proceedings of the 16th ACM International Conference on Future and Sustainable Energy Systems, pp. 80–91, 2025.
@inproceedings{lu2025cost,
title={Cost-effective Closed-loop Bilevel Robust Optimization for Joint Chance-constrained Economic Dispatch},
author={Lu, Chenbei and Liang, Jinhao and Yi, Hongyu and Wu, Chenye},
booktitle={Proceedings of the 16th ACM International Conference on Future and Sustainable Energy Systems},
pages={80--91},
year={2025}
}
Self-Improving Online Storage Control for Stable Wind Power Commitment
IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 3666–3680, 2024.
@article{lu2024self,
title={Self-improving online storage control for stable wind power commitment},
author={Lu, Chenbei and Yi, Hongyu and Zhang, Jiahao and Wu, Chenye},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid},
volume={15},
number={4},
pages={3666--3680},
year={2024},
publisher={IEEE}
}
Joint Chance-Constrained Unit Commitment: Statistically Feasible Robust Optimization with Learning-To-Optimize Acceleration
IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, vol. 39, no. 5, pp. 6508–6521, 2024.
@article{liang2024joint,
title={Joint chance-constrained unit commitment: Statistically feasible robust optimization with learning-to-optimize acceleration},
author={Liang, Jinhao and Jiang, Wenqian and Lu, Chenbei and Wu, Chenye},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Power Systems},
volume={39},
number={5},
pages={6508--6521},
year={2024},
publisher={IEEE}
}
Uncertainty Set Learning for Adaptive Robust Economic Dispatch
IEEE Control Systems Letters, vol. 8, pp. 1156–1161, 2024.
@article{gu2024uncertainty,
title={Uncertainty set learning for adaptive robust economic dispatch},
author={Gu, Nan and Yuan, Enming and Wu, Chenye},
journal={IEEE Control Systems Letters},
volume={8},
pages={1156--1161},
year={2024},
publisher={IEEE}
}
Sample-Adaptive Robust Economic Dispatch with Statistically Feasible Guarantees
IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, vol. 39, no. 1, pp. 779–793, 2023.
@article{lu2023sample,
title={Sample-adaptive robust economic dispatch with statistically feasible guarantees},
author={Lu, Chenbei and Gu, Nan and Jiang, Wenqian and Wu, Chenye},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Power Systems},
volume={39},
number={1},
pages={779--793},
year={2023},
publisher={IEEE}
}
Robust Online Ev Charging Scheduling with Statistical Feasibility
2023 62nd IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (CDC), pp. 5594–5599, 2023.
@inproceedings{jiang2023robust,
title={Robust online ev charging scheduling with statistical feasibility},
author={Jiang, Wenqian and Liang, Jinhao and Lu, Chenbei and Wu, Chenye},
booktitle={2023 62nd IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (CDC)},
pages={5594--5599},
year={2023},
organization={IEEE}
}
Effective Risk-Limiting Carbon Emission Aware Economic Dispatch: An Algorithmic Perspective
Proceedings of the 14th ACM International Conference on Future Energy Systems, pp. 84–98, 2023.
@inproceedings{sun2023effective,
title={Effective risk-limiting carbon emission aware economic dispatch: An algorithmic perspective},
author={Sun, Jian and Zhang, Yaoyu and Wu, Chenye},
booktitle={Proceedings of the 14th ACM International Conference on Future Energy Systems},
pages={84--98},
year={2023}
}
An Auto-Tuned Robust Dispatch Strategy for Virtual Power Plants to Provide Multi-Stage Real-Time Balancing Service
IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, vol. 14, no. 6, pp. 4494–4507, 2023.
@article{gu2023auto,
title={An auto-tuned robust dispatch strategy for virtual power plants to provide multi-stage real-time balancing service},
author={Gu, Nan and Cui, Jingshi and Wu, Chenye},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid},
volume={14},
number={6},
pages={4494--4507},
year={2023},
publisher={IEEE}
}
Optimal Electricity Procurement Enabled by Privacy-Preserving Samples
IEEE Transactions on Energy Markets, Policy and Regulation, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 339–349, 2024.
@article{jiang2024optimal,
title={Optimal electricity procurement enabled by privacy-preserving samples},
author={Jiang, Wenqian and Wu, Chenye},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Energy Markets, Policy and Regulation},
volume={2},
number={3},
pages={339--349},
year={2024},
publisher={IEEE}
}
Statistically Feasible Robust Power System Operation
Power and Energy Resources: Modelling and Optimization, Springer, pp. 1–21, 2025.
@incollection{jiang2025statistically,
title={Statistically Feasible Robust Power System Operation},
author={Jiang, Wenqian and Shi, Jian and Wu, Chenye},
booktitle={Power and Energy Resources: Modelling and Optimization},
pages={1--21},
year={2025},
publisher={Springer Nature Singapore Singapore}
}
Electricity Market Design
Pricing Mechanism Design for Future EV Charging Station with Hybrid Fixed and Mobile Charging Modes
Applied Energy, vol. 380, 2025.
@article{cui2025pricing,
title={Pricing mechanism design for future EV charging station with hybrid fixed and mobile charging modes},
author={Cui, Jingshi and Jiang, Wenqian and Wu, Chenye},
journal={Applied Energy},
volume={380},
pages={125033},
year={2025},
publisher={Elsevier}
}
Economic Value of Energy Storage Systems: The Influence of Ownership Structures
IEEE Transactions on Energy Markets, Policy and Regulation, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 313–327, 2024.
@article{gu2024economic,
title={Economic value of energy storage systems: the influence of ownership structures},
author={Gu, Nan and Wu, Chenye and Kirschen, Daniel S},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Energy Markets, Policy and Regulation},
volume={2},
number={3},
pages={313--327},
year={2024},
publisher={IEEE}
}
Manipulation-Proof Virtual Bidding Mechanism Design
IEEE Transactions on Energy Markets, Policy and Regulation, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 119–131, 2023.
@article{lu2023manipulation,
title={Manipulation-proof virtual bidding mechanism design},
author={Lu, Chenbei and Liang, Jinhao and Gu, Nan and Wang, Haoxiang and Wu, Chenye},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Energy Markets, Policy and Regulation},
volume={2},
number={1},
pages={119--131},
year={2023},
publisher={IEEE}
}
Overcoming the Curse of Dimensionality in Reinforcement Learning Through Approximate Factorization
International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML), 2025.
@inproceedings{lu2025overcoming,
title={Overcoming the Curse of Dimensionality in Reinforcement Learning Through Approximate Factorization},
author={Lu, Chenbei and Shi, Laixi and Chen, Zaiwei and Wu, Chenye and Wierman, Adam},
booktitle={International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML)},
year={2025}
}
Electric Vehicles Embedded Virtual Power Plants Dispatch Mechanism Design Considering Charging Efficiencies
Applied Energy, vol. 352, 2023.
@article{cui2023electric,
title={Electric vehicles embedded virtual power plants dispatch mechanism design considering charging efficiencies},
author={Cui, Jingshi and Wu, Jiaman and Wu, Chenye and Moura, Scott},
journal={Applied Energy},
volume={352},
pages={121984},
year={2023},
publisher={Elsevier}
}
Enable a Carbon Efficient Power Grid via Minimal Uplift Payments
IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 1329–1343, 2022.
@article{zhang2022enable,
title={Enable a carbon efficient power grid via minimal uplift payments},
author={Zhang, Jiasheng and Sun, Jian and Wu, Chenye},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy},
volume={13},
number={3},
pages={1329--1343},
year={2022},
publisher={IEEE}
}
A General Nash Bargaining Solution to the Tso-Dsos Coordinated Flexibility Trading Market
Electric Power Systems Research, vol. 212, 2022.
@article{gu2022general,
title={A general Nash bargaining solution to the TSO-DSOs coordinated flexibility trading market},
author={Gu, Nan and Cui, Jingshi and Wu, Chenye},
journal={Electric Power Systems Research},
volume={212},
pages={108329},
year={2022},
publisher={Elsevier}
}
Deadline Differentiated Dynamic EV Charging Price Menu Design
IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 502–516, 2022.
@article{lu2022deadline,
title={Deadline differentiated dynamic EV charging price menu design},
author={Lu, Chenbei and Wu, Jiaman and Cui, Jingshi and Xu, Yanyan and Wu, Chenye and Gonzalez, Marta C},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid},
volume={14},
number={1},
pages={502--516},
year={2022},
publisher={IEEE}
}
Privacy-Preserving Decentralized Price Coordination for EV Charging Stations
Electric Power Systems Research, vol. 212, 2022.
@article{lu2022privacy,
title={Privacy-preserving decentralized price coordination for EV charging stations},
author={Lu, Chenbei and Wu, Jiaman and Wu, Chenye},
journal={Electric Power Systems Research},
volume={212},
pages={108355},
year={2022},
publisher={Elsevier}
}
Bridging Chance-Constrained and Robust Optimization in an Emission-Aware Economic Dispatch with Energy Storage
IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, vol. 37, no. 2, pp. 1078–1090, 2021.
@article{gu2021bridging,
title={Bridging chance-constrained and robust optimization in an emission-aware economic dispatch with energy storage},
author={Gu, Nan and Wang, Haoxiang and Zhang, Jiasheng and Wu, Chenye},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Power Systems},
volume={37},
number={2},
pages={1078--1090},
year={2021},
publisher={IEEE}
}
Blockchain Enabled Data Transmission for Energy Imbalance Market
IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 1254–1266, 2021.
@article{cui2021blockchain,
title={Blockchain enabled data transmission for energy imbalance market},
author={Cui, Jingshi and Gu, Nan and Wu, Chenye},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy},
volume={13},
number={2},
pages={1254--1266},
year={2021},
publisher={IEEE}
}
Forecast Competition in Energy Imbalance Market
IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, vol. 37, no. 3, pp. 2397–2413, 2021.
@article{cui2021forecast,
title={Forecast competition in energy imbalance market},
author={Cui, Jingshi and Gu, Nan and Zhao, Tianyu and Wu, Chenye and Chen, Minghua},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Power Systems},
volume={37},
number={3},
pages={2397--2413},
year={2021},
publisher={IEEE}
}
Power-Electronics-Enabled Transactive Energy Market Design for Distribution Networks
IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, vol. 13, no. 5, pp. 3968–3983, 2021.
@article{gu2021power,
title={Power-electronics-enabled transactive energy market design for distribution networks},
author={Gu, Nan and Cui, Jingshi and Wu, Chenye},
journal={IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid},
volume={13},
number={5},
pages={3968--3983},
year={2021},
publisher={IEEE}
}
Temporal Vulnerability Assessment for Convex Hull Pricing
Proceedings of the Twelfth ACM International Conference on Future Energy Systems, pp. 124–136, 2021.
@inproceedings{sun2021temporal,
title={Temporal vulnerability assessment for convex hull pricing},
author={Sun, Jian and Wu, Chenye},
booktitle={Proceedings of the Twelfth ACM International Conference on Future Energy Systems},
pages={124--136},
year={2021}
}
Strategic Bidding in Extended Locational Marginal Price Scheme
IEEE Control Systems Letters, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 19–24, 2020.
@article{sun2020strategic,
title={Strategic bidding in extended locational marginal price scheme},
author={Sun, Jian and Gu, Nan and Wu, Chenye},
journal={IEEE Control Systems Letters},
volume={5},
number={1},
pages={19--24},
year={2020},
publisher={IEEE}
}
On Data-Driven Multi-Product Pricing
IEEE Control Systems Letters, vol. 5, no. 5, pp. 1687–1692, 2020.
@article{wang2020data,
title={On Data-Driven Multi-Product Pricing},
author={Wang, Tianyu and Wu, Chenye and Qi, Wei},
journal={IEEE Control Systems Letters},
volume={5},
number={5},
pages={1687--1692},
year={2020},
publisher={IEEE}
}
Energy Storage as Public Asset
Proceedings of the Eleventh ACM International Conference on Future Energy Systems, pp. 374–385, 2020.
@inproceedings{zhang2020energy,
title={Energy storage as public asset},
author={Zhang, Jiasheng and Gu, Nan and Wu, Chenye},
booktitle={Proceedings of the Eleventh ACM International Conference on Future Energy Systems},
pages={374--385},
year={2020}
}
Optimal Electricity Storage Sharing Mechanism for Single Peaked Time-Of-Use Pricing Scheme
Electric Power Systems Research, vol. 195, 2021.
@article{wang2021optimal,
title={Optimal electricity storage sharing mechanism for single peaked time-of-use pricing scheme},
author={Wang, Kui and Yu, Yang and Wu, Chenye},
journal={Electric Power Systems Research},
volume={195},
pages={107176},
year={2021},
publisher={Elsevier}
}